• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Percutaneous renal access simulator. It comprises a housing where a simulation model of the renal collecting system of a patient is housed. It is located in a transparent gelatin bed that is in contact with a silicone membrane allowing the conduction of ultrasounds, so that a suitable image of the ultrasound guidance of a puncture can be obtained by means of a tubular needle. The system created allows a simple reconstitution of the gelatin bed to clean the paths created during training. The transparency of the gelatin bed, together with a transparent base on which the gelatin bed rests, makes it possible to implement a light projection system to obtain simulation of fluoroscopy in real time. The system consists of a collimator, together with a mirror to increase the distance from the light source to a receiving device in order to record clear images. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2683068A1
    申请号:ES201700265
    申请日:2017-03-24
    公开日:2018-09-24
    发明作者:Manuel CARBALLO QUINTA；Grethel RIVAS DANGEL
    申请人:Manuel CARBALLO QUINTA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION

    Percutaneous renal access simulator.

    Object of the invention 5

    The present invention relates to a percutaneous renal simulator that allows the combined simulation of percutaneous access guided by ultrasound and radioscopy, unlike other known simulators that allow percutaneous access guided only by radioscopy and other known simulators that allow percutaneous guided access only. by ultrasound. It is noted that the simulator of the invention is very competitive from an economic point of view in terms of cost for its manufacture, since it does not require virtual recreation, since it uses a simple projection device that simulates surgical radioscopy .
     fifteen
    The simulator of the invention allows the simulation and training of percutaneous renal access, a key step in the performance of percutaneous nephrolithotomy; This technique is minimally invasive for the fragmentation of renal lithiasis. The proposed simulator makes it possible to acquire the necessary skills to achieve renal access by puncturing a tubular syringe needle, guided by radioscopy, without exposure to ionizing radiation. On the other hand, it allows training combined with ultrasound guidance, reproducing the usual surgical technique. The feedback of a suitable puncture is indicated by the fluid outlet through the tubular puncture needle, analogously to the urine outlet through the tubular puncture needle during the procedure in the operating room in a real situation.
     25
    Technical problem to solve and background of the invention

    At present, simulators of percutaneous renal access that allow only percutaneous access guided by ultrasound are known. Percutaneous renal access simulators that allow only percutaneous access guided by radioscopy are also known. 30

    Currently the most commercialized and publicized simulator models are priced high and base their system on virtual simulation, which limits the actual perception of the puncture. Moreover, its development is expensive, which substantially raises the price in the market. These are simulator models that are not easily reproducible. In particular, we refer to PERC MENTOR, a patented virtual simulation model. This simulator model does not allow ultrasound-guided simulation. On the other hand, and within the shortage of proposals in this area, other puncture models merely offer the reconstruction of anatomical structures: either using animal materials or tissues, on which to apply an ionizing radiation in order to obtain radiological shotgun images . These 40 simulator models have the great disadvantage of making the training depend on the availability of the X-ray source, in addition to assuming a harmful and unnecessary exposure to these agents.

    A simulator model has been presented as a communication to the American Congress of 45 urology in 2015 (MP22-15: PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF A NOVEL PCNL TRAINER; Authors: Ashish Rawandale, Dhule, India; lokesh Patni, Yaser Hamad, Pramod Patil, Dhule, India). This simulator model has the limitation of not allowing ultrasound-guided simulation per se.
     fifty
    There are other simulator models proposed for training ultrasound-guided access, such as the one presented by B G Rock et al. ("A training simulator for ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrostomy insertion", DOI: 10.1259 / BJR / 42026487) published as short communication in The British Journal of Radiology, 83 (2010). This simulator model,
    similar to others in the literature, it only allows training guided access by ultrasound, and not by radioscopy, with the consequent disadvantage and less versatility than the simulator model of the invention at hand.

    In conclusion, it is noted that the simulator of the invention is the only model to date 5 that allows simultaneous training of ultrasound and radioscopy guided access, this being the most commonly used approach in the operating room for percutaneous renal access to surgery nephrolithiasis.

    Description of the invention 10

    In order to achieve the objectives and avoid the inconveniences, the invention proposes a percutaneous renal access simulator comprising a housing that supports a webcam, a translucent laminar body, a collimator, a mirror and a bed of transparent jelly in which it is embedded at least one hollow body containing a liquid fluid; 15 where the collimator is configured to project a beam of light on the mirror, which reflects said beam of light on the bed of gelatin.

    The webcam is configured to record images projected on the translucent laminar body, when the light beam passes through the bed of jelly in which the hollow body 20 is embedded. Thus, the webcam camera collects the images or shadows projected on the translucent laminar body.

    The simulator of the invention further comprises a silicone membrane adhered to a front face of the bed of gelatin; where said membrane is configured so that through it a puncture is initiated with a tubular needle to reach inside the hollow body.

    The bed of gelatin is supported by a support configured to be able to rotate said support relative to the housing; where it is possible to place the housing relative to the support in relatively different angular positions. 30

    In one embodiment of the invention, the housing comprises a hollow structure of cylindrical configuration formed by a side wall and a bottom; where the side wall of the housing is interrupted by a hollow junction delimited by a side wall, a first base and a second base opposite the first base. 35

    The second base of the hollow junction comprises the translucent laminar body, while on the first base of the hollow junction the webcam camera focused in a main direction that is perpendicular to the second base of the hollow junction is fixed and is also focused towards the bed of jelly which is located inside the interior space of the housing. 40

    The bed of gelatin is housed in a transparent container that is supported on the support that can rotate relatively with respect to the housing; where it is possible to place the housing relative to the support in relatively different angular positions.
     Four. Five
    The hollow body is connected to a junction belonging to a valve module interspersed in a liquid fluid circuit that is configured to circulate inside it a liquid fluid driven by a drive pump; where the interior space of the hollow body communicates with said circuit. In the embodiment shown in the figures, the valve module and collateral parts of the circuit are also embedded within the bed of gelatin. fifty
    The mirror is located inside the interior space of the housing; where the main direction of focus of the webcam is aligned with both the bed of jelly and also with the mirror; and where the bed of gelatin is located between the mirror and the second base of the hollow junction
     5
    The support with rotating mobility is coupled within a tubular body fixed perpendicularly by one end to the bottom of the housing. Said support comprises a transparent base, a front plate and an axis fixed to the front plate; where said axis is fitted within the tubular body; and where the assembly of the support and container with the bed of jelly hangs in overhang with respect to the tubular body fixed to the bottom of the housing. 10

    The mirror is supported on a crossbar that has end sections embedded and guided within collateral grooves of the housing; where the transverse bar can be moved guided along the collateral grooves to be able to vary the inclination of the mirror to be able to direct the projection of reflected light towards the bed of gelatin; where said light is emitted by the collimator.

    An extreme area of the mirror is attached to the housing by a parallel connection to the crossbar; where the mobility of the crossbar varies the inclination of the mirror to be able to direct the light projection on the bed of gelatin. twenty

    The collimator comprises an enveloping housing that houses a lamp inside; where the enclosure has a mouth that is closed by a front structure that has a centered through hole; and where a reflective surface is located in correspondence with an internal face of the frontal structure. 25

    In a first embodiment of the invention the front structure that closes the mouth of the collimator housing comprises a first flat piece having a reflective inner face; and in a second embodiment of the invention, the front structure that closes the mouth of the collimator housing includes a second flat piece and an additional sheet element that is reflective and adhered to the inner face of the second flat piece of the collimator .

    The simulator of the invention further comprises supports attached to the outer surface of the side wall of the housing; wherein said supports are arranged in corresponding parallel directions with generatrices of the side wall of the housing having the cylindrical configuration.

    As mentioned above, the silicone membrane is adhered on a front face of the bed of gelatin; where through said membrane a puncture is initiated with the tubular needle 40 to reach the interior of the hollow body containing the liquid fluid in order to demonstrate that the practice has been successful; the practice being confirmed when the liquid fluid exits outside through the end of the tubular needle opposite the end into which it has been inserted into the hollow body.
     Four. Five
    The membrane is tightly connected to a perimeter edge that delimits a mouth of the container containing the bed of gelatin; where the front face of the bed of gelatin is arranged in correspondence with said mouth of the container. In the embodiment shown in the figures, the front face of the gelatin bed comprises a domed surface. fifty

    The membrane is glued to the perimeter edge of the mouth of the container by means of an adhesive to ensure the tight connection of said membrane over the perimeter edge that delimits the mouth of the container container of the jelly bed.
    The hollow body containing the liquid fluid comprises a tubular piece and a front rubber laminar element that closes one end of said tubular piece; where the tubular part is embedded in the respective tubular junction of the valve module.

    The first base of the hollow junction includes a through window where the webcam 5 camera is fitted.

    The container containing the gelatin bed comprises a bottom that includes a through opening and two end holes in which portions of the liquid fluid circuit are embedded. 10

    The simulator of the invention allows training autonomy, as it simulates images produced by radioscopy, without specifying the radiation elements used in the operating room.

    On the other hand, the simulator of the invention provides a monitoring system for the puncture, since when said puncture is adequate, the liquid fluid outlet is obtained through the tubular needle; analogously to what happens in a real procedure (something that the models known so far in this field do not contribute).

    On the other hand, the simulator of the invention allows the combined training of the eco-guided and radioscopic guided access 20 in order to reproduce with the greatest similarity and realism the procedure usually developed in the operating room. As far as our knowledge goes, the simulator of the invention is the only one that allows the combined integration of these two simulation modalities: eco-guided and guided by radioscopy.
     25
    On the other hand, the improved light projection system with the collimator ("pin-hole") and with the adjustable mirror, allows to increase the distance from the light to the object (jelly bed), without increasing the size of the simulator of the invention, obtaining a satisfactory image definition on a computer screen or the like, without using virtual simulation models.

    To carry out the manufacture of the bed of gelatin, solid bodies of transparent gelatin of laminar configuration, potassium metabisulfite and citric acid are introduced into a container with hot distilled water. The entire joint mass is then removed and then said joint mass is poured into the container through the opening 35 of the bottom of the container, the membrane having previously glued on the perimeter edge of the container that borders its mouth. Said container supports with its mouth down on the silicone membrane, which in turn rests on a curved-concave surface; all this in order that once the joint mass has solidified, the bed of jelly is formed adopting a domed configuration (curved-convex) on the membrane. Said joint mass is allowed to cool for a while until it reaches a solid consistency by adopting the previously described jelly bed configuration.

    In one embodiment of the invention, the bed of gelatin comprises potassium metabisulfite: between 4 and 12 grams, preferably 8 grams; citric acid: between 4 and 12 grams, preferably 45 8 grams; transparent jelly: between 100 and 200 grams, preferably 140 grams; and a volume of distilled water: between 3 and 4 liters of water, preferably 3.5 liters of distilled water.

    Obviously any volume of jelly bed will have the proportions of elements 50 indicated in the previous paragraph.

    Normally an amount of the joint mass obtained to be poured into the container is reserved, since as the simulator is used and due to the reconstruction of the bed of
    gelatin based on heating and cooling successive times during use, reduces the volume of the bed of gelatin; so that in this situation the bed of gelatin is replenished by pouring the reserved joint mass in a liquid state into the container.

    Next, in order to facilitate a better understanding of this specification and forming an integral part thereof, a series of figures are attached in which the object of the invention has been shown as an illustrative and non-limiting nature.

    Brief description of the figures
     10
    Figure 1. Shows an elevation view of the percutaneous renal access simulator, object of the invention.
    Figure 2. Shows a profile view of the simulator of the invention.
    Figure 3. Shows a sectional view of a part of a housing that is part of the simulator. fifteen
    Figure 4. Shows a plan view of the percutaneous renal access simulator.
    Figure 5. Shows a sectional view of a collimator that is part of the simulator of the invention.
    Figures 5a and 5b. They show sectioned details of a part of the collimator according to two different embodiments. twenty
    Figure 6. Shows a perspective view of a transparent container having a mouth closed by a membrane.
    Figure 6a. It shows a plan view of a bottom of the container shown in the previous figure.
    Figure 7. Represents a sectional view of a part of the simulator where the container filled with a bed of gelatin is shown, in which a valve module with several hollow bodies connected to a circuit through which a liquid fluid can circulate is embedded.
    Figure 8. Shows a view of the valve module and its connection to collateral parts of the liquid fluid circuit. 30
    Figure 8a. It shows a detailed view of a hollow body and its connection to the valve module.

    Description of an embodiment of the invention

    Considering the numbering adopted in the figures, the percutaneous renal access simulator 35 comprises a housing 1 of cylindrical configuration formed by a side wall 1a and a bottom 1b. The side wall 1a of the housing 1 is interrupted by a hollow junction 2 delimited by a side wall 2a, a first base 2b and a second base 2c; where the second base 2c comprises a translucent laminar body as vegetable paper for example, while on the first base 2b of the hollow junction 2 a webcam camera 3 40 focused in a main direction 13 is fixed which is perpendicular to the second base 2c of the junction gap 2 and is also focused towards the interior space of the housing 1.

    In the embodiment shown in the figures, the hollow junction 2 comprises a trunk-conical configuration formed by a cube structure whose edge delimits the glued mouth the translucent laminar body defined as second base 2c, while the bottom of the cube structure corresponds to the first base 2b.

    Inside the housing 1 is housed a transparent container 4 containing in its interior a bed of transparent jelly 5; wherein said container 4 is supported on a support 6 50 which can rotate relatively with respect to the housing 1; where it is possible to relatively position the container 4 in different angular positions with respect to the housing 1, or vice versa. Said container 4 with its contents can be easily removed to reconstruct the bed of gelatin 5 after finishing the training.
    Within the bed of gelatin 5 there are several hollow bodies 7 connected to junctions 8a belonging to a valve module 8 embedded in a circuit 9 of liquid fluid through which the liquid fluid driven by a discharge pump 10 can circulate, so that the interior spaces of the hollow bodies 7 communicate with said circuit 9. The set described formed by the hollow bodies 7, valve module 8, junctions 8a and the fluid circuit 9 simulate a renal collecting system of a patient.

    The simulator of the invention further comprises a mirror 11 also disposed within the interior space of the housing 1, so that the main direction 13 of the approach of the webcam 3 is aligned with both the bed of gelatin 5 contained in the container 4 10 and also with the mirror 11, so that the bed of gelatin 5 is located between the mirror 11 and the second base 2c of the hollow junction 2; and more specifically the webcam 3 is located in an upper position above the jelly bed 5, while the mirror 11 is located in a lower position below the jelly bed 5.
     fifteen
    The simulator also comprises a collimator 12 configured to project a beam of light on the mirror 11 which in turn reflects the beam of light on the bed of gelatin 5 to be able to clearly visualize the shadow or projected image on the second base 2c of material translucent when the light reflected by the mirror passes 11.
     twenty
    Said interior space of the jelly bed 5 is displayed on a screen of a computer or similar device, by means of the webcam 3 that is connected to said computer or similar device such as a mobile device; These elements are not represented in the figures. The collimator 12 is fixed on the bottom 1 b of the housing 1.
     25
    The support 6 with rotating mobility is coupled within a tubular body 14 fixed perpendicularly to the bottom 1b of the housing 1 by means of brackets 15a. On the other hand, said support 6 comprises a transparent base 6a, a front plate 6b and an axis 6c fixed to the front plate 6b by other brackets 15b; wherein said shaft 6c is fitted within the tubular body 14. With this arrangement described, the assembly of the support 6 and container 4 with the bed of jelly 5 hangs cantilever with respect to the tubular body 14, while said assembly can rotate relatively with respect to the tubular body 14 being able to be located in different relative angular positions with respect to the housing 1.

    The mirror 11 rests on a crossbar 16 that has end sections fitted 35 and guided within collateral grooves 17 of the side wall 1a of the housing 1, so that the crossbar 16 can be moved along the collateral grooves 17 to be able to vary the inclination of the mirror 11 and therefore the angle of projection of the light reflected by the mirror 11 on the bed of jelly 5, where said light is generated by the collimator 12 that focuses and projects its light on said mirror 11 which finally reflects the light focused on the bed of gelatin 5, as previously mentioned.

    On the other hand, an end zone of the mirror 11 is attached to the housing 1 by means of an adhesive laminar body 21, although said mirror could be attached to the housing 1 by means of an articulated connection, for example. In any case, the mirror 11 can be mobilized to vary its inclination and therefore vary the angle of the projection of the light reflected on the bed of gelatin 5.

    The collimator 12 comprises a casing housing 12a, which houses in its interior a led lamp 12b; where the housing 12a has a mouth 50 that is closed by a front structure having a central through hole 19; and where a reflective surface is located in correspondence with an internal face of the frontal structure.
    In a first embodiment of the invention (Figures 5 and 5b), the front structure that closes the mouth of the housing 12a comprises a first flat piece 12d having a reflective internal face 18; and in a second embodiment of the invention (figures 5 and 5a), the front structure that closes the mouth of the housing 12a comprises a second flat piece 12c and an additional sheet element 20 that is reflective and is attached 5 to the inner face of said second flat piece 12c of collimator 12.

    As shown more clearly in Figure 2, the simulator of the invention further comprises supports 22 attached to the outer surface of the side wall 1a of the housing 1; wherein said supports 22 are arranged in corresponding parallel directions with 10 generatrices of the side wall 1a of cylindrical configuration. In this way the simulator can be placed by seating it in different stable positions on a flat surface 23, so that it is possible to rotate the housing 1 together with the mirror 11, the collimator 12 and the receiving device formed by the hollow junction 2 and webcam camera 3; all with respect to the bed of jelly 5 where the valve module 8 is embedded. 15

    In one embodiment of the invention, said stable simulator positions may be offset by an angle α of 30 °.

    Specifically, the simulator includes three supports 22; wherein in a first stable position of the simulator 20, the housing 1 sits on a flat surface 23 in which the crossbar 16 is located in a direction parallel to said flat surface 23; and where in a second stable position of the simulator, the housing 1 sits on the flat surface 23 in which the crossbar 16 forms an angle of 30 ° referred to above. Obviously in this second stable position of the simulator, the mirror 11 and the receiving device (2,3) are also located in an inclined position of those 30 °, taking as reference the figure 2.

    On a front face of the bed of gelatin 5 is attached a domed silicone membrane 24, through which the puncture of a tubular needle 25 of a syringe 26 is started to reach the end of the tubular needle 25, during practice with the simulator, the interior 30 of at least one of the hollow bodies 7 connected to the valve module 8, so that when it is reached, the contained liquid fluid exits outside through the tubular needle 25.

    Each of the hollow bodies 7 of the valve module 8 comprises a tubular part 7a and a front rubber sheet 7b that closes one end of said tubular part 7a; where the tubular piece 7a is embedded in the respective tubular junction 8a of the valve module 8. In this situation, when the practitioner hits the puncture the rubber laminar element 7 is pierced with the tubular needle 25.

    During the practice of puncturing with the tubular needle 25, the practitioner can rotate the housing 40 1 in order to vary the angle of the projected image on the second base 2c of translucent material and thus achieve a guide on the antero-posterior axis, without changing the proportions of the different elements at any time. Obviously, the angle of the mirror 11 can also be varied by moving the crossbar 16 along the collateral grooves 17 of the housing 1. 45
    The antero-posterior axis in a patient defines the location in depth in an area located between the navel and the back.

    The angle of the mirror 11 is not varied during practice, but is only done at the beginning when the container 4 container of the jelly bed 5 is placed, so as to adjust the light projection; highlighting that the mirror 11 is not an adjustment element during practice, nor does it provide any simulation of any surgical variable.
    The first base 2b of the hollow junction 2 includes a through window 27 where the webcam camera 3 is fitted, and several collateral holes 28 to couple other fasteners to fix the webcam camera 3 stably.

    A bottom 4a of the container 4 includes a through opening 29 and two end holes 30 5 intended to facilitate the installation of the valve module 8 and the circuit 9 of the liquid fluid; where portions of circuit 9 are embedded in said end holes 30.

    The proposed simulator makes it possible to acquire the skills necessary to achieve renal access by puncturing the tubular needle 25 that is guided by radioscopy, without exposure to ionizing radiation. On the other hand, it allows training combined with ultrasound guidance, reproducing the usual surgical technique. The feedback of a suitable puncture is indicated by the outflow of liquid fluid through the tubular puncture needle 25; analogously to the urine output through the tubular puncture needle during a real operating room procedure. fifteen

    On the other hand, the valve module 8 as a renal collecting system of a patient is located in the transparent jelly bed 5, to which two preservatives are added in order to prevent its early deterioration. The bed of gelatin 5 in contact with the silicone membrane 24 allows ultrasound conduction, so that a suitable image 20 of the ultrasound guidance of the needle 25 can be obtained during puncture.

    A simple reconstitution of the bed of gelatin 5 is allowed to clean and eliminate the paths created during training by means of the tubular needle 25.
    image 1
     25
    On the other hand, the transparent support system (transparent base 6a) together with the transparency of the jelly bed 5 allows the light projection system to be implemented to obtain real-time radioscopy simulation. As mentioned above, the light projection system is constituted by the single-led lamp 12b and the through hole 19 as a collimator, together with the mirror 11 to increase the distance from the light source to the device receiver comprising the hollow junction 2 (side wall 2a, first base 2b and second base 2c) and the webcam; wherein said receiving device simulates an intensifier of a real surgical scoper. All this substantially improves the definition of the image obtained on the computer screen or the like. Said surgical scoop intensifier refers to the element that registers the image emitted by an X-ray source.

    The mirror 11 is an intermediate element that deflects the light in the direction of the receiving device through the target (bed of gelatin 5 in which the valve module 8 that simulates the renal collector is embedded) projecting the image on the second base 2c formed by the 40 translucent material.

    It should be noted that the improvement of the image obtained by the collimator 12 is defined because in the case of using another light source other than the collimator, an emission of a smaller amount of scattered light beams would be generated, so that those light beams dispersed on projecting on the second base 2c of translucent material would generate less defined and more blurred images than in the case of the invention where collimator 12 is used.

    With each puncture practice, the bed of gelatin 5 acquires paths with small air bubbles that hinder the ultrasound and the shotgun, so that at the end of the training it is put back in a microwave oven at defrosting temperature and then left in the fridge In this way, the paths disappear, which make it difficult to do the shot and the ultrasound (on ultrasound the air is refractory).

    The purpose of the silicone membrane 24 is to allow the transparent gelatin bed to be contained, to provide a contact surface with the ultrasound, which conducts the ultrasound and allows satisfactory images to be obtained; where on said membrane 24 ultrasound gel is applied in the same way as we do on the patient's skin, highlighting that many other surfaces of other materials make it impossible to obtain ultrasound images. 5

    The silicone membrane 24 provides a surface that can also be punctured multiple times with the advantage that it still keeps tightness; This advantage is very important when reconstituting the bed of gelatin 5. It is noted that the silicone material of the membrane 24 is the ideal material for this use, both for its thermal resistance 10 to microwaves, and for its conduction of ultrasound, as for keeping tightness despite puncturing multiple times.

    The ultrasound guidance allows a medical ultrasound transducer to be arranged in contact with the silicone membrane 24, applying ultrasound gel, in the same way that it is performed on the abdomen or the patient's flank in a real case.

    The images obtained simulate an objective to be punctured by means of the puncture tubular needle 25, analogously to the renal puncture for placement of nephrostomy or for performing percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the operating room. twenty

    With the simulator of the invention, training in visual and motor coordination for the puncture of an objective, guided by ultrasound, is obtained in order to shorten the learning curve and simulate the aforementioned surgical technique.
     25
    With regard to radioscopic guidance, the simulator emulates the surgical radioscopy during the techniques described above. It allows the orientation of the needle in a cranio-caudal piano, through the shotgun when the imaging system is at 0 degrees (situation at 12 o'clock from a clock). By means of the image in this position, the tubular needle 25 is oriented towards the object (hollow body 7) in the cranio-caudal piano and it is checked whether the puncture has been correct or not depending on whether drainage or liquid discharge is obtained or not after removing a shutter from the tubular needle 25. Said cranio-caudal piano defines the position of a point in the plane between the patient's head and feet.

    In the event that no drainage is obtained, the system (housing 1) is rotated at 30 ° (at 1 o'clock from the clock), thereby obtaining guidance for the correct positioning of the tubular needle 25 in the antero-posterior plane. This described system is the same that is carried out in most of the hospital centers for radioscopic guidance in the operating room, so the invention simulates the most widespread technique of percutaneous renal access.
     40
    The container 4 containing the bed of gelatin 5 is supported by the transparent base 6a, which can be an acrylic sheet or glass or any other transparent material that has sufficient consistency of support.

    The fact that the support 6 has rotational mobility with respect to the housing 1, provides guidance in both dimensions: first, in the cranio-caudal dimension in the 0 ° axis that defines the corresponding position with a point in the plane between the head and feet of a patient; and secondly in the anterior-posterior dimension on the 30 ° axis that defines the corresponding depth location with an area between the navel and the patient's back. fifty

    It should be noted that the fact that the simulator of the invention can provide the rotation of the light system is a fundamental characteristic; as well as that the second base 2c is a fundamental element when the images are projected on it.
    The image or the shadow that the light casts on the second base 2c of translucent material after crossing the bed of gelatin, is the simulation image of radioscopy that is finally seen on a screen; simulating the surgical scopia through the projection of the shadow of the objects (valve module 8). All this is similar to the generation of X-ray images. 5
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [1]

    1. Percutaneous renal access simulator, characterized in that:
     comprises a housing (1) that supports a webcam camera (3), a translucent laminar body 5, a collimator (12), a mirror (11) and a transparent jelly bed (5) in which at least one hollow body (7) containing a liquid fluid;
     the collimator (12) is configured to project a beam of light on the mirror (11), which reflects said beam of light on the transparent jelly bed (5);
     the webcam camera is configured to record images projected on the translucent laminar body 10, when the light beam passes through the bed of gelatin (5) into which the hollow body (7) is embedded;
     comprises a silicone membrane (24) adhered on a front face of the bed of gelatin (5); wherein said membrane (24) is configured so that through it a puncture is initiated with a tubular needle (25) to reach inside the hollow body 15 (7);
     the bed of gelatin (5) is supported by a support (6) configured to be able to rotate said support (6) relative to the housing (1); where it is possible to place the housing (1) relatively in different angular positions with respect to the support (6).
     twenty
    [2]
    2. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that:
    - the housing (1) comprises a hollow structure of cylindrical configuration formed by a side wall (1a) and a bottom (1b); where the side wall (1a) of the housing (1) is interrupted by a hollow junction (2) delimited by a side wall (2a), a first base (2b) and a second base (2c), 25
    - the second base (2c) of the hollow junction (2) comprises the translucent laminar body, while the webcam camera (3) focused on a main direction (13) is fixed on the first base (2b) of the hollow junction (2). which is perpendicular to the second base (2c) of the hollow junction (2) and is also focused towards the bed of gelatin (5) that is located within the interior space of the housing (1). 30

    [3]
    3. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that the bed of gelatin (5) is housed within a transparent container (4) that is supported on support (6) that can rotate relatively with respect to the housing (one).
     35
    [4]
    4. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow body (7) is connected to a junction (8a) belonging to a valve module (8) intercalated in a fluid circuit (9) liquid that is configured to circulate inside a liquid fluid driven by a drive pump (10); where the interior space of the hollow body (7) communicates with said circuit (9). 40

    [5]
    5. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to claim 4, characterized in that the valve module (8) and collateral parts of the circuit (9) are embedded in the bed of gelatin (5).
     Four. Five
    [6]
    6. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to any one of the preceding claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the mirror (11) is located within the interior space of the housing (1); where the main direction (13) of the webcam camera focus (3) is aligned with both the bed of jelly (5) and also with the mirror (11); and where the bed of gelatin (5) is located between the mirror (11) and the second base (2c) of the hollow junction (2). fifty

    [7]
    7. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that the support (6) with rotating mobility is coupled within a tubular body (14) fixed perpendicularly by one end to the bottom (1b) of the housing (1) .

    [8]
    8. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to claim 7, characterized in that the support (6) comprises a transparent base (6a), a front plate (6b) and an axis (6c) fixed to the front plate (6b) ; wherein said shaft (6c) is fitted inside the tubular body (14) fixed to the bottom (1b) of the housing (1).

    [9]
    9. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that:
    - the mirror (11) is supported on a crossbar (16) which has end sections fitted and guided inside collateral grooves (17) of the housing 1; where the crossbar (16) is configured to move guided along the collateral grooves (17) in order to vary the inclination of the mirror (11); fifteen
    - an extreme area of the mirror (11) is attached to the housing (1) by means of a connection parallel to the crossbar (16); where the mobility of the crossbar varies the inclination of the mirror (11).

    [10]
    10. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to any one of the preceding claims 20, characterized in that the collimator (12) comprises an enclosure (12a), which houses a lamp (12b) in its interior space; where the enclosure (12a) has a mouth that is closed by a front structure that has a centered through hole (19); and where a reflective surface is located in correspondence with an internal face of the frontal structure. 25

    [11]
    11. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to claim 10, characterized in that the front structure that closes the mouth of the enclosure housing (12a) of the collimator (12) comprises a first flat piece (12c) having a reflective internal face ( 18).
     30
    [12]
    12. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to claim 10, characterized in that the front structure that closes the mouth of the enclosure housing (12a) of the collimator (12) comprises a second flat piece (12d) and a laminar element (20) additional that is reflective and adhered to the inner face of the second flat piece (12d) of the collimator (12).
     35
    [13]
    13. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to any one of the preceding claims 2 or 3, characterized in that it comprises supports (22) attached to the outer surface of the side wall (1a) of the housing (1); wherein said supports (22) are arranged in corresponding parallel directions with generatrices of the side wall (1a) of the housing (1) having the cylindrical configuration. 40

    [14]
    14. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to claim 3, characterized in that the membrane (24) is tightly connected to a perimeter edge that delimits a mouth of the container (4); wherein the front face of the bed of gelatin (5) is arranged in correspondence with said mouth of the container (4). Four. Five

    [15]
    15. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to claim 14, characterized in that the membrane (24) is tightly connected to the perimeter edge that delimits the mouth of the container (4) by means of an adhesive material.
     fifty
    [16]
    16. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front face of the jelly bed (5) comprises a bulging surface.

    [17]
    17. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to claim 4, characterized in that the hollow body (7) comprises a tubular piece (7a) and a front rubber sheet element (7b) that closes one end of said tubular piece (7a) ; where the tubular part (7a) is embedded in the respective tubular junction (8a) of the valve module (8).
     5
    [18]
    18. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that the first base (2b) of the hollow junction (2) includes a through window (27) where the webcam camera (3) is fitted.

    [19]
    19. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the container (4) comprises a bottom (4a) that includes a through opening (29) and two end holes (30) into which they are fitted portions of the circuit (9) of liquid fluid.

    [20]
    20. Percutaneous renal access simulator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bed of gelatin (5) comprises potassium metabisulfite: between 4 and 12 grams; citric acid between 4 and 12 grams; transparent jelly: between 100 and 200 grams; and a volume of distilled water: between 3 and 4 liters of water.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2683068B1|2019-01-04|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB2328775A|1997-08-29|1999-03-03|Sami Ahmed Moussa|Simulator For Body Organs|
    WO2013124725A1|2012-02-24|2013-08-29|Politecnico Di Milano|Device for surgical training|
    CN102895031A|2012-09-19|2013-01-30|深圳市旭东数字医学影像技术有限公司|Kidney virtual surgical method and system|
    EP2797068A1|2013-04-24|2014-10-29|Tallinn University of Technology|Anatomical kidney phantom with calyxes for drainage training in interventional radiology|
    DE102014105240A1|2014-04-11|2015-10-15|Samed GmbH Dresden|Model and method of simulating percutaneous nephrolitholapaxy and method of making a tissue imitator|
    CN105105847A|2015-07-14|2015-12-02|汤润|3D kidney model printing method for kidney stone surgical simulation teaching|
    CN205177256U|2015-10-20|2016-04-20|中国人民解放军第三军医大学第一附属医院|Percutaneous kidney puncture model|
    法律状态:
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